F-2 Movement of Objects

The way objects move depends on a variety of factors including their size, shape and material.
VC2S2U10

  • Grouping Toys by Movement

  • Rolling Unusual Shapes

  • Comparing Similar Shapes, Different Sizes

  • Effects of Materials on Movement

  • Traditional Toys and Movement

F-2 Forces as Pushes and Pulls

Pushes and pulls are forces that can change an object’s movement or shape and can be represented in terms of strength and direction.
VC2S2U11

  • Identifying Forces in Everyday Objects

  • Design and Function of Sporting Equipment

  • Forces that Change Motion

  • Changing Shape Through Force

  • Representing Forces in Designs

  • Cultural Exploration of Push and Pull Toys

F-2 Sound and Vibrations

Sound can make materials vibrate and vibrating materials can make sound; different actions can be used to produce sounds of varying pitch and volume.
VC2S2U12

  • Investigating Vibrations and Sound Production

  • Designing Sound-Producing Instruments

  • Exploring Sound Production Methods

  • Investigating Sound Insulation

  • Exploring Patterns in Pitch and Volume

  • Understanding Echoes and Echolocation

3-4 Heat Energy and Temperature Change

Heat energy can be generated from different sources; temperature changes may happen when heat is transferred from one object to another.
VC2S4U09

  • Sensing and Identifying Heat Sources

  • Measuring Temperature Change

  • Modelling Heat Transfer

  • Comparing Heat Transfer in Materials

  • Thermal Properties of Traditional Clothing

  • Traditional Fire-Starting and Energy Transformation

3-4 Understanding Forces and Their Effects on Motion

Forces, including frictional, gravitational, electrostatic and magnetic, can be exerted by one object on another through direct contact or from a distance and affect the motion (speed and direction) of objects.
VC2S4U10

  • Investigating Contact and Non-Contact Forces

  • Exploring the Role of Friction in Daily Life

  • Understanding the Pull of Gravity

  • Examining Forces in Space Environments

  • Investigating Forces in Indigenous Toys and Games

  • Using Force Arrows to Model Forces

5-6 Understanding Light and Its Interactions

Light can be produced from many sources; light travels in a straight path, can form shadows, and can be absorbed, transmitted, reflected or refracted by objects.
VC2S6U08

  • Natural and Artificial Light Sources

  • Shadow Formation and Sun Movement

  • Refraction and Rainbows

  • Refractive Light in Holography

  • Reflection and Optical Tools

  • First Nations Perspectives on Light

5-6 Electric Circuits and Energy Transfer

Materials may be electrical insulators or conductors; energy can be transferred and transformed in electrical circuits where the components of a circuit play particular roles in the function of the circuit.
VC2S6U09

  • Components of an Electric Circuit

  • Constructing and Testing Circuits

  • Representing Circuits with Conventions

  • Energy Transfer and Transformation

  • Conductors and Insulators

  • Electricity in the Home and Safety

7-8 Understanding How Simple Machines Alter Forces

Simple machines, including the lever, inclined plane, wedge, pulley, screw, and wheel and axle, alter the direction and magnitude of forces.
VC2S8U13

  • Evaluating Mechanical Advantage

  • Designing for Controlled Motion

  • Investigating Force Magnitude Changes

  • Cultural Applications of Simple Machines

  • Identifying Simple Machines in Complex Systems

  • Creating Complex Machines

7-8 Forces and Motion: Understanding the Role of Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

Balanced and unbalanced forces acting on objects, including gravitational force, may be investigated and represented using force diagrams; changes in an object’s motion can be related to its mass and the magnitude and direction of the forces acting on it.
VC2S8U14

  • Investigating Forces on Objects of Different Masses

  • Effects of Balanced and Unbalanced Forces on Motion

  • Measuring and Representing Forces

  • Gravitational Force and Mass

  • Gravitational Effects in Space

  • Forces in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Technologies

7-8 Energy Forms and Transfers

Energy exists in different forms, including thermal, chemical, gravitational and elastic, and may be classified as kinetic or potential; energy transfers (conduction, convection and radiation) and transformations occur in simple systems and can be analysed in terms of energy efficiency.
VC2S8U15

  • Kinetic and Potential Energy Relationships

  • Sankey Diagrams for Energy Analysis

  • Heat as a By-product of Energy Transfer

  • Energy Transformations in Rube Goldberg Machines

  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Fire-starting Techniques

  • Energy Changes in Physical Events

7-8 Analysing Household Energy Consumption

Household energy consumption can be analysed using an energy audit and is affected by appliance choice, building design, season and climate.
VC2S8U16

  • Energy Audit Analysis

  • Understanding Appliance Ratings

  • Passive Solar Design Principles

  • Climate-Responsive Architecture

  • Material Choice and Efficiency

  • Energy Usage Patterns

7-8 Electrical Circuits and Energy Transfer

Electrical circuits transfer energy when current flows and can be designed for diverse purposes using different components; the operation of circuits can be explained using the concepts of voltage and current.
VC2S8U17

  • Series and Parallel Circuits

  • Component Properties

  • Comparing Circuit Design to Household Wiring

  • Sensors in Robotics and Control Devices

9-10 Wave and Particle Models of Energy Transfer

Wave and particle models can be used to describe energy transfer (conduction, convection and radiation) through different media; waves (electromagnetic and mechanical) have different properties, features (including amplitude, wavelength, frequency and speed) and applications.
VC2S10U14

  • Describing Conduction and Convection Using the Particle Model

  • Modelling Sound Energy with Slinky Springs

  • Investigating Sound Wave Properties: Amplitude and Frequency

  • Explaining Electricity with the Particle Model

  • Comparing Wave and Particle Models for Energy Transfer

  • Applications of Electromagnetic Radiation

  • Material Selection in Traditional Instruments

9-10 Conservation of Energy in Systems

The Law of Conservation of Energy can be analysed in systems, including Earth systems, by assessing the efficiency of energy inputs, outputs, transfers and transformations.
VC2S10U15

  • Energy Is Conserved

  • Energy Loss and Inefficiency

  • Sankey Diagrams for Energy Flow

  • Indigenous Technologies and Energy Efficiency

  • Energy Efficiency in Sport

  • Comparing Energy Sources

9-10 Electricity Generation Using AC and DC Sources

Electricity can be generated as alternating current (AC) using magnets (via turbines turned by wind, water, tides or steam that is generated by the combustion of oil, gas or coal or by nuclear energy) or as direct current (DC) using photovoltaic cells or batteries.
VC2S10U16

  • Constructing an Alternating Current Generator

  • Comparing Alternating and Direct Current

  • Exploring Turbine Power Sources

  • Understanding Nuclear Energy Processes

  • Generating Electricity with Wind Power

9-10 Analysing Motion with Newton's Laws

Newton’s laws of motion can be used to quantitatively analyse the relationship between force, mass and acceleration of objects.
VC2S10U17

  • Quantitative Relationships in Motion

  • Indigenous Engineering: Spearthrowers and Bows

  • Net Force and Vehicle Safety Features

  • Newton’s Laws in Sport

  • Data-Driven Arguments for Road Safety

  • Driverless Vehicles and Newtonian Mechanics